Cariology Research Group

Fluoride is the ionic form of fluorine, the thirteenth most abundant element in the earth and released into the environment naturally both in water and air. Other important natural sources of fluoride are tea and seafood that contains edible bones or shells. Nowadays, there are several ways to use fluoride, such as dentifrices, gels, varnishes, foams. The American Dental Association strongly supports fluoridation of community drinking water supplies; however, strong contradictory opinions are also present (ADA, 2017). The first ‘artificial’ water fluoridation for caries control was introduced in the USA (1945), then in Canada (1946). The success of water fluoridation in preventing and controlling dental caries led to the development of several fluoride-containing products, including toothpaste, mouth rinse, dietary supplements, and professionally applied or prescribed gel, foam, or varnish.

In addition, IADR position statement (2022) indicated that fluoride toothpastes should be recommended to everyone as an effective method of fluoride use, as part of their daily oral hygiene regime. Brushing two or more times daily with a fluoride toothpaste provides greater caries protection compared to only once a day or less. An additional exposure to fluoride (via high fluoride concentration toothpastes, mouth rinses, or professionally applied products) may be recommended for individuals at increased risk for caries following caries risk assessment.

Dental caries is still the most prevalent condition worldwide affecting billions of people (Kassebaum, 2015). There is clear evidence demonstrating the effect of fluoride on the incidence of dental caries and reduction in the progression of existing lesions. The efficacy and effectiveness of the delivery mode of fluoride in preventing and controlling dental caries has been well-established according to the recommended concentration, frequency of use, and dosage schedule. Interestingly, recently a trend has been growing worldwide against fluoridation, emphasising the possible risk of toxicity. The fast spread of inaccurate news about fluoride on social media poses potential problems by possibly misleading the public and causing unwarranted fear and rejection of an effective oral health intervention. Therefore, health-care professionals and the public may require guidance with regards to the cons and pros of fluoridation. This panel would potentially discuss the different aspects of fluoride on dental caries as a public measure.

Speakers

• David J. Manton
  Fluoride and the management of caries in children
• Bente Nyvad
  Fluoridated toothpaste for caries control at the population level: The Danish experience
• Domenick Zero
  The Why and the How of Using Topical Fluorides

Learning Objectives:

• Participants will have a sound understanding of the multifactorial nature of dental caries in order to deliver effective and tailored caries control.
• Participants will have the opportunity to acknowledge of caries lesion activity as a prime importance for the management of dental caries.
• Participants will have a clear knowledge of why, when and how to use fluoride in caries management with advantages and disadvantages.