100 Years: IADR Timeline

THE FOUNDATION OF THE JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH

The Journal of Dental Research was founded by William Gies in 1919, a year before he founded the IADR. Surprisingly, for several years the Journal and the Association functioned as very distinct entities. The Journal did not print any information about Association activities until 1926, although in 1921 there was an incidental footnote in the JDR that alluded to the existence of the Association.

THE FOUNDATION OF THE IADR

The IADR was founded in 1920 by William Gies, who believed that "such an association could be best formed as a federation of local societies, each to be in effect an autonomous section of a national division of the international organization." He contacted 100 of the leading dentists in New York City to begin forming the first chapter in what was then the largest city in the United States. The first dinner meeting took place on December 10, 1920, at the Columbia University Club, with the intent to "consider the advisability of promoting research by an international organization." At that meeting, a Chairman and Secretary were selected and the initial Articles of Agreement were adopted.

FIRST ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IADR

The first annual meeting of the IADR was held on December 21, 1922, at the Plaza Hotel in New York City. Although there were only four local sections in existence at this point, the meeting was well attended. However, it was still a bit meager in its scientific content - only two papers were presented, in contrast to the thousands that are presented at more recent General Sessions
 

RESEARCH ON THE AETIOLOGY OF MOTTLED ENAMEL GAINS MOMENTUM

Frederick McKay publishes an overview of investigations to date, as the role of the water source has been inferred.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: Whelton inputs, The Present Status of the Investigation of the Cause, and of the Geographical Distribution, of Mottled Enamel, Including a Complete Bibliography on Mottled Enamel Frederick S. McKay, D.D.S.  (JDR Volume: 10 issue: 5, page(s): 561-568)}

SOUDER CALLS FOR MORE DATA ON DENTAL MATERIALS

In a publication titled "Problems in Dental Research," Wilmer Souder seeks more research to establish the effectiveness of dental materials, calling for “data on the physical properties of materials and an attempt to show the application of these data to dental operations.”

THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH IS ESTABLISHED

During World War I, the Public Health Service (PHS) and the staff of its Hygienic Laboratory attended primarily to sanitation of areas around military bases in the United States. In 1930, the Ransdell Act changed the name of the Hygienic Laboratory to National Institute of Health (NIH) and authorized the establishment of fellowships for research into basic biological and medical problems.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: National Institute of Health}

EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IADR – FIRST OUTSIDE THE U.S.

The 8th Annual Meeting was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was noteworthy for being the first meeting outside the United States, which underscored the intention for the Association to be internationally focused. There were several attendees from overseas, some beginning to organize small sections such as the one from Vienna, Austria.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE ROLE OF SUGAR STARTS TO INCREASE

E.V. McCollum and his associates made contributions in many areas of experimental nutrition. In 1922 they were the first to describe the gross appearance of dental caries in rats fed faulty diets. In 1931 Klein and McCollum showed that diets relatively high in phosphate are probably protective against dental caries. McCollum, however, always cautioned that the calcium-phosphorus ratio must be kept within a fairly limited range for health maintenance.
 

FLUORIDATION LEVELS FIRST LINKED TO MOTTLED ENAMEL

H. V. Churchill, a chemist with the Aluminum Research Laboratories, published a paper in the JDR on the association between fluoride in the water and enamel mottling, observing that, "It is of interest to note that apparently the relative severity of the defect in these various areas seems to follow the fluoride concentration."

THE IADR TAKES OVER OWNERSHIP OF THE JDR

The Journal of Dental Research, founded in 1919 by William Gies, functioned independently from the IADR for its first 15 years. So independently, in fact, that in 1922, one page of the JDR displayed the IADR next to last in a list of its affiliated organizations (those that used the Journal pages as an outlet for their scientific proceedings). The IADR finally voted to take ownership of the Journal in 1934, with its Editor functioning as a major office-bearer in the Association.
 

STUDY FINDS LINK BETWEEN SUGAR AND DECALCIFICATION

A groundbreaking study shows that by incubation in media containing sugar or cereals mixed with saliva, healthy teeth were induced to decalcify after two to eight weeks.

INTRODUCTION OF THE VITALLIUM DENTAL SCREW IMPLANT

Alvin and Moses Strock experiment with a chromium-cobalt alloy known as Vitallium to restore individual teeth. However, due to lack of osseointegration their efforts were largely unsuccessful.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: Courtesy of pocketdentistry.com}

SYNTHETIC NYLON TOOTHBRUSHES MAKE THEIR DEBUT

Boar bristles were typically used for toothbrushes until 1938, when nylon bristles were first introduced by DuPont de Nemours.

HA ZANDER REPORTS ON THE REACTION OF PULP TO CALCIUM HYDROXIDE

The action of Ca(OH)2 on the pulp tissue was reported and its potential in stimulating dentin bridge formation to protect the pulp was demonstrated.

MCKAY AND DEAN LINK FLUORIDE TO MOTTLED ENAMEL AND DECREASED CARIES

Fluoride research began with the report of “mottled enamel” by Frederick McKay, found in his patients in Colorado Springs, USA. Henry Trendley Dean, a U.S. Public Health Service public-health dentist, collaborated with McKay in identifying “mottled enamel” or fluorosis as being associated with fluoride in the drinking water. Dean also discovered that there was an association between caries in children, mottled enamel and fluoride levels in the drinking water. He advocated that 1 ppm of fluoride be tested for its effects on caries.

GIES ELECTED IADR PRESIDENT

Although William Gies founded the IADR in 1920, it was not until 19 years later that he was elected IADR president.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: Portrait of William Gies by Peter R. Nelsen}

COMMUNITY WATER FLUORIDATION BEGINS

On January 25, 1945, Grand Rapids, Michigan, became the first community in the United States to fluoridate its drinking water to prevent tooth decay, beginning a clinical trial that established the efficacy and safety of fluoride to prevent dental caries. This was one of the most significant public health advances of the 20^th century.

USA PRESIDENT HARRY S. TRUMAN FORMS NIDR

Harry S. Truman, the 33rd USA President, signed the National Dental Research Act into law on June 24, 1948. The dental research section of the National Institutes of Health was named the National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR) and has since been renamed the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Henry Trendley Dean, a past president of the IADR, was installed as the first NIDR director.

ADVANCES IN BONDING RESIN AND COMPOSITE FILLINGS

In 1949 Swiss chemist Oskar Hagger developed a system of bonding acrylic resin to dentin. Michael Buonocore used this technology to develop the first white (composite) fillings and the acid-etch technique for bonding resin to tooth enamel. These crucial developments eventually led to dental sealants, a major preventive measure effective against caries in children and adolescents and the basis of minimally invasive treatment of coronal caries today.

 

BRÅNEMARK OBSERVES OSSEOINTEGRATION OF TITANIUM IMPLANTS

The genesis of osseointegration as a concept was introduced by Per-Ingvar Brånemark, professor at the Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Gothenburg. He called it “a direct structural and functional connection between ordered living bone and the surface of the load-covering implant.”

_{PHOTO CREDIT: Albrektsson, T & Brånemark, P.I. & Hansson, Hans-Arne & JJ, Lindström. (1981). Osseointegrated Titanium Implants: Requirements for Ensuring a Long-Lasting, Direct Bone-to-Implant Anchorage in Man. Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica. 52. 155-70. 10.3109/17453678108991776.}

BRITISH DIVISION OF THE IADR IS FOUNDED

JAPANESE DIVISION OF THE IADR IS FOUNDED

BUONOCORE EXPLORES THE ETCHING OF DENTAL ENAMEL

Known for his inquisitive nature, Michael Buonocore had a knack for exploring and evolving the dental research. While doing research at the Eastman Dental Center in Rochester, New York, USA, Buonocore experimented with adding a weak acid to the bonding process to increase the bond strength between the surface enamel and resin. The traditional acrylic resins were quickly replaced as Buonocore's discovery was better adept to handle the oral environment.
 

HIGH-SPEED AIR-DRIVE CONTRA-ANGLE HANDPIECE INTRODUCED

John Borden introduces a high-speed air-drive contra-angle handpiece. The Airotor obtains speeds up to 300,000 rotations per minute.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: Courtesy of the CP&S Historical Society, University of the Pacific, Dugoni School of Dentistry, dentalmuseum.pacific.edu.}

DEBUT OF THE FIRST FULLY RECLINING DENTAL CHAIR

The standard dental chair we've come to know today didn't begin mass production until 1958, when John Naughton redesigned the chair with the key break in the seat. This new design element allowed for a durable, yet flexible chair that was more comfortable for the patient yet didn’t obstruct the dentist’s access.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: Courtesy of the American Dental Hygienists’ Association}

PFM PORCELAINS DEVELOPED

To reduce the risk of internal microcracking during the cooling phase of fabrication, the porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crown was developed in the late 1950s by Abraham Weinstein and implemented more widely in the early 1960s. The bond between the metal and porcelain prevented stress cracks from forming.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: Nizil Shah, Porcelain Fused to Metal Dental Crown Showing interior and exterior surfaces, CC BY-SA 4.0}

PIT-AND-FISSURE SEALANTS DEVELOPED

Thanks to Buonocore's reasearch on bonding acrylic resins and dental enamel, successors were able to further improve dental care.

In the 1960s, E.I. Cueto created the first pit-and-fissure sealant material intended for caries prevention. However, the sealant showed bacterial disintegration over time so it was never released on the public market. Over the next few years, with the help of Buonocore, a more successful sealant would be created and released to the public.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: Kristina Goršeta (March 11th 2015). Fissure Sealing in Occlusal Caries Prevention, Emerging Trends in Oral Health Sciences and Dentistry, Mandeep Singh Virdi, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/59325. Available here.}

TETRACYCLINE LINKED TO TEETH STAINING

Demonstration that systemic tetracycline stains teeth during development.

BIS-GMA BECOMES POPULAR FOR USE IN MODERN DENTAL COMPOSITES

Rafael L. Bowen, director of the American Dental Association Foundation Paffenbarger Research Center at National Bureau of Standards, invented a dental resin known as Bis-GMA used to bond composite restorations to dentin and enamel.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: By Politikaner – Self-photographed, Public Domain}

THE IADR/AADR ENDORSE COMMUNITY WATER FLUORIDATION

Based on extensive scientific data and in conjunction with the U.S. Public Health Service, both the IADR and the American Association for Dental Research (AADR) officially endorsed community water fluoridation in 1962 and urged its institution by all scientific communities.

GINGIVAL INDEX CREATED

The Gingival Index was created by Löe and Silness in 1963 for the assessment of the gingival condition and recording of qualitative changes in the gingiva. It scores the marginal and interproximal tissues separately on a scale of zero to three.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: CC Attribution-ShareAlike License}

FIRST COMPOSITE FORMULATIONS BASED ON BOWEN FORMULA

Rafael Bowen documented chemical treatment of silica particles so their surfaces could be intimately bonded into a mixture with polymer during curing and generate a strong restorative material. The coating material used was tris(2-methoxyethoxy) vinyl silane.

THE IADR ELECTS FIRST NON-NORTH AMERICAN PRESIDENT

Martin A. Rushton, a professor at the University of London, England was formerly the president of the British Division of the IADR.

CONTINENTAL EUROPEAN DIVISION IS FOUNDED

LÖE STUDIES EXPERIMENTAL GINGIVITIS IN HUMANS

After 9-21 days without oral hygiene, 11 experimental subjects with previously excellent oral hygiene and healthy gingivae developed heavy accumulations of plaque and generalized mild gingivitis.

COLLAGENASE ACTIVITY DISCOVERED IN GINGIVA

Fullmer et al. demonstrated collagenase action through viscometry, acrylamide gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy.

Collagen was cleaved into one-quarter and three-quarter pieces by collagenase derived from human gingiva.

SOUTH AFRICAN DIVISION IS FOUNDED

ARGENTINE DIVISION IS FOUNDED

ISRAELI DIVISION IS FOUNDED

LINK CONFIRMED BETWEEN PLAQUE AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE

_{PHOTO CREDIT: Francisco B. Teixeira, Miki T. Saito, Filipe C. Matheus, Rui D. Prediger, Elizabeth S. Yamada, Cristiane S. F. Maia, Rafael R. Lima1, Periodontitis 01, CC BY 4.0}

THE ORIGIN OF THE IADR LOGO

After two unsuccessful approaches to develop an acceptable emblem for the Association based on organizing competition within the field of art and design, the Committee took a new direction.

At the Forty-Sixth General Meeting of the IADR held in San Francisco, California, March 1968, the Committee decided to approach industrial firms in the fields of medical and dental illustration. ARRCO Medical Art and Design Company in Boston was engaged to prepare preliminary sketches of a revised emblem for consideration by the Committee.

THE IADR ELECTS FIRST AFRICAN-AMERICAN PRESIDENT

Clifton O. Dummett was a professor at the University of Southern California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA.

SCANDINAVIAN DIVISION IS FOUNDED

MEXICAN DIVISION IS FOUNDED

AUSTRALIAN/NEW ZEALAND DIVISION IS FOUNDED

KLEINBERG EXAMINES THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF DENTAL PLAQUE

Israel Kleinberg’s extensive research dives into the chemical structure and metabolism of dental plaque, the mechanism of acquired pellicle and plaque formation, the effect of the acid-base metabolism of the plaque on the calcium phosphate exchange at the enamel-saliva interface, mineralization of dental plaque and more.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: Shaimaa Abdellatif, Plaque accumulation, CC BY-SA 4.0}

GIBBONS AND COLLEAGUES EXAMINE BACTERIOCINS OF ORAL STREPTOCOCCI

In 1971, Ronald J. Gibbons and Johannes van Houte published a study that expanded the concept of adhesion and its effect on bacterial colonization of oral mucosal surfaces exposed to a fluid flow.

Gibbons followed it up with another paper, in conjuction with post-doctoral fellow Bill Liljemark, on the adhesion of additional oral genera. In 1972, along with Ray Williams, he published what was arguably his most well-known work on the subject, a study that identified prevention of specific bacterial adhesion as the major function of secretory IgA.

SOCRANSKY STUDIES RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BACTERIA AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE

_{PHOTO CREDIT: Courtesy of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH}

LÖE MAKES ADVANCES IN THE PREVENTION OF PLAQUE AND GINGIVITIS

In this study, 24 male dental students with healthy gingivae and clean teeth ceased all oral hygiene procedures and instead followed various chlorhexidine rinse patterns.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: Source}

IMMUNIZATION OF MONKEYS WITH STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS: SPECIFICITY OF ANTIBODY RESPONSES IN SALIVA

F.G. Emmings, R.T. Evans and Robert J. Genco conducted research showing that immunization of monkeys with S mutant strain 6715 via the parotid duct elicited a reproducible IgA antibody response in the parotid fluid as well as a serum antibody response.

Inhibition of colonization on tooth surfaces in immune monkeys showed specificity for the immunizing strain, suggesting that inhibition was antibody mediated.

PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF AN ALPHA-(1 >3) GLUCANOHYDROLASE FROM TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM

B. Guggenheim and Rosemarie Haller research and describe the purification and properties of a-alpha-(1-3) glucanohydrolase enzyme with activity to ward insoluble glucans of streptococcal origin.

A major protein band stained with amido schwartz contained the enzyme activity, as revealed by the complete local hydrolysis of mutant agar containing this polysaccharide.

URIST AND STRATES STUDY BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN

Marshall R. Urist and Basil S. Strates conducted a study to research the molecular and biochemical characteristics of the bone morphogenetic protein.

LOESCHE STUDIES MEDIA USED TO TRANSPORT ORAL BACTERIA

Walter J. Loesche, a future IADR president, studied dental plaque samples collected using three types of transport media: a dithiothreitol poised balanced mineral salt solution designated as reduced transport fluid (RTF), VMG II and modified Stuart medium.

The data showed a great variation in the recovery of the oral bacterial flora from the plaque samples and Loesche concluded that RTF is a satisfactory medium for the transport of oral bacteria present in the samples.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: Courtesy of American Society of Microbiology}

FREEZE-ETCHING REVEALS ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SELECTED BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM DENTAL PLAQUE

Hubert N. Newman and Alan H. Britton investigate the usefulness and possible applications of freeze-etching and examined the ultrastructure of several bacteria that represent some of the morphologic types present in plaque.

SHEIHAM FINDS NO EVIDENCE FOR SIX-MONTH DENTAL CHECKUPS

Aubrey Sheiham was one of the earliest proponents of EBD (Evidence-based Dentistry) and published innovative, pioneering and often controversial manuscripts.

One of his most reputable papers concerned the scientific basis behind the traditional six-month dental examination. He found no scientific evidence to support it.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: Courtesy of Erik Christensen, Dentist.1, CC BY-SA 3.0}

DURET PIONEERS USE OF CAD/CAM SYSTEMS FOR DENTISTRY

Francois Duret and his colleagues first introduced the CAD/CAM system into dentistry for its assistance with restorative processes.

In the late 1970s they released the commercial Sopha system, which ignited the enhancements in CAD/CAM systems in years to come.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: François Duret, francoisduret.com}

MCCUNE EVALUATES EFFECTIVENESS OF PIT-AND-FISSURE SEALANTS

In an effort to prevent caries by way of pit-and-fissure sealants, RJ McCune conducted a study with 200 children, ages 6-8, living in South America.

The study tested the effectiveness of the sealants and after 36 months only 8 percent of treated teeth showed incidences of caries, as compared to 53 percent in untreated teeth.

CANADIAN DIVISION IS FOUNDED

THE IADR ELECTS FIRST FEMALE PRESIDENT

Born in Denmark on April 13, 1924, Marie U. Nylen was elected the 58^th president of the IADR, making her the first woman elected president.

KOREAN DIVISION IS FOUNDED

IRISH DIVISION OF THE IADR IS FOUNDED

Group of Members at Inaugural Meeting in November 1984.

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FIRST 3-STEP ETCH AND RINSE DENTIN ETCHING TECHNIQUE DEVELOPED

The introduction of the three-step, total-etch adhesive system represented a revolution in adhesive dentistry.

Once dentin was etched with phosphoric acid and the etchant was rinsed off, hydrophilic primers were used before applying a uniform layer of hydrophobic resin to complete hybridization.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: Courtesy of National Library of Medicine}

EGYPTIAN SECTION IS FOUNDED

CHILEAN DIVISION IS FOUNDED

EAST & SOUTHERN AFRICA DIVISION IS FOUNDED

LED CURING BECOMES MORE COMMON

Although visible LEDs were invented years before, it wasn’t until the 1990s that scientists and manufacturers seriously considered them as a light source in light curing units.

Their use became even more prevalent in 1994, when high-brightness blue-light-emitting GaN LEDs were invented.

DIGITAL PATIENT RECORDS INCREASE EFFICIENCY AND ACCURACY

Nearing the end of the 20^th century, as electronics were beginning their boom, the development of electronic health records arose.

Due to the availability of more affordable, powerful and compact hardware and with the internet providing faster and easier access, the medical community adopted the practice of housing patient medical information electronically. For the majority of practices, digital records were introduced to increase efficiency and accuracy.

USE OF DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY INCREASES

As with digital patient records, access to computers allowed for widespread acceptance of the advancements in radiography.

Unlike conventional radiography, digital radiography allows for post-processing adjustments in contrast, which expand the information that can be captured via film. In addition, film is coupled with high-cost, high-labor, hazardous materials and physical storage concerns.

DEVELOPMENTS IN RESIN MODIFIED GLASS-IONOMER CEMENTS

A.D. Wilson observes and discusses the recently developed dual-setting resin glass-ionomer cements and compares their chemistry and properties with those of conventional glass-ionomer cements, concluding that they may not be as biocompatible as conventional glass-ionomer cements.

FLOWABLE AND PACKABLE COMPOSITES DEVELOPED

Early composites were quartz-filled with large filler particles.

This format made restorations difficult and hard to polish. Flowable composites have a reduced filler load, making it flexible and more suitable to fill hard-to-reach areas, whereas packable composites were designed to achieve a better proximal contact and address issues such as shrinkage, wear and handling.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: Shaimaa Abdellatif [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons}

VENEZUELAN DIVISION IS FOUNDED

SAUDI ARABIAN DIVISION IS FOUNDED

PERUVIAN DIVISION IS FOUNDED

ZIRCONIA USE ADVANCES AND CAD/CAM SYSTEMS DEBUT

Ceramic restorations drastically changed in the mid-1990s, with the utilization of transformation-toughened zirconia, followed by the introduction of CAD/CAM systems.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: CC BY-SA 3.0, Source}

BRAZILIAN DIVISION IS FOUNDED

FRENCKEN PRESENTS ATRAUMATIC RESTORATIVE TREATMENT MODEL

Jo E. Frencken shares a 15-step treatment module to help treat dental caries.

The atraumatic restorative treatment utilizes hand instruments and adhesive filling material to remove recalcified tooth tissue and restore the cavity. As this technique doesn't use electricity, it makes restorative oral care more accessible, specifically in underdeveloped countries.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: Atraumatic restorative treatment and minimal intervention dentistry}

THE IADR OPENS NEW HEADQUARTERS IN ALEXANDRIA, VA

On the 75^th Anniversary of the founding of the IADR, Association members from around the world gathered in Alexandria, Virginia, USA, to celebrate the official opening of the new IADR/AADR Headquarters Building.

RUSSIAN SECTION IS FOUNDED

CHINESE DIVISION IS FOUNDED

RESEARCH PROVES HEALTH CONNECTION OF BODY AND MOUTH

The United States Surgeon General's report in 2000 changed the way the public viewed their dental care by posing the connection that oral health went beyond just healthy teeth.

Oral health refers to the entire mouth; this includes the teeth and gums, but also the jaw, throat, mouth muscles and supporting tissue. The report goes on to purport that maintaining proper oral health is essential for general health and can be a successful component in disease prevention.

AMALGAM SEPARATORS BECOME STANDARD FOR DENTISTRY

Amalgam fillings have been utilized in dentistry for over 150 years, and have been proven to be safe while in a solid state in the mouth.

However, when an amalgam filling is removed, the mercury in the amalgam becomes “active” and toxic. In the early 2000s, dentists started using amalgam separators in their drain systems. The separator captures the waste material, which is then safely recycled.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: Courtesy of NovemberElla at Slovenian Wikipedia, Amalgam separator, CC BY-SA 3.0}

INVISALIGN ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT DEVELOPED

The founders of Invisalign, Align Technology, went public in 2001 with a new teeth-straightening alternative to the traditional metal braces system.

At first orthodontists were skeptical of the effectiveness of the plastic trays. As consumer demand rose, more and more orthodontists adopted the new method, now making it an international practice implemented in more than six million patients.

_{PHOTO CREDIT: Courtesy of Smikey Io, Invisalign aligner, CC BY-SA 3.0}

KUWAITI DIVISION IS FOUNDED

COSTA RICAN SECTION IS FOUNDED

INDIAN SECTION FORMED

NIGERIAN DIVISION IS FOUNDED

JORDANIAN SECTION IS FOUNDED

IRANIAN DIVISION IS FOUNDED

COLOMBIAN DIVISION IS FOUNDED

SUDANESE SECTION IS FOUNDED

MONGOLIAN SECTION IS FOUNDED

URUGUAYAN DIVISION IS FOUNDED

ECUADORIAN SECTION IS FOUNDED

SYRIAN SECTION IS FOUNDED  

PAKISTAN SECTION IS FOUNDED

PARAGUAYAN SECTION IS FOUNDED

IRAQI DIVISION IS FOUNDED

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES SECTION IS FOUNDED

LEBANESE SECTION IS FOUNDED

TUNISIAN SECTION IS FOUNDED

CARIBBEAN SECTION IS FOUNDED

LIBYAN SECTION IS FOUNDED

GUATEMALAN SECTION IS FOUNDED

THE JDR CELEBRATES 100 YEARS

Over the last century, the JDR has been dedicated to the dissemination of new knowledge and information on all sciences relevant to dentistry and to the oral cavity and associated structures in health and disease.